In context: Parenting in the internet age presents challenges never before experienced, such as managing screen time and monitoring online content. Balancing the benefits of technology with the risks to mental health, social development, and physical well-being requires vigilant oversight and proactive education to ensure healthy internet habits for children.
New research indicates that young people with internet addiction experience changes in brain chemistry, potentially leading to more addictive behaviors. A study published in PLOS Mental Health reviewed prior research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain interactions in those with internet addiction. The study showed increased activity in specific brain regions while subjects were at rest and decreased functional connectivity in those areas responsible for executive functions like memory and decision-making.
Scientists were able to link these neural changes to addictive behaviors, mental health issues, developmental problems, and physical coordination difficulties in adolescents. The research reviewed 12 previous studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 involving 237 individuals aged 10 to 19 diagnosed with internet addiction. The Guardian notes that a survey conducted earlier this year shows that nearly half of British teenagers admit they feel addicted to social media.
The lead author of the study, Max Chang, emphasized adolescence as a crucial developmental period with significant biological, cognitive, and personality changes, making the brain particularly vulnerable to internet addiction. He noted that compulsive internet use during this stage could lead to adverse behavioral and developmental changes.
"For example, they may struggle to maintain relationships and social activities, lie about online activity, and experience irregular eating and disrupted sleep," Chang said.
Chang hopes his team's research can aid doctors in detecting the early signs of internet addiction in youth so they can address it before it leads to other developmental issues. He suggests clinicians target specific brain regions for treatment or recommend psychotherapy or family counseling. He also noted that parental education on internet addiction could also serve as an effective preventive measure, helping parents manage screen time and reduce risk factors.
Irene Lee, a senior co-author of the paper, acknowledged the benefits of the internet but stressed the importance of sensible time limits for young people.
"There is no doubt that the internet has certain advantages," Lee noted. "However, when it begins to affect our day-to-day lives, it is a problem."
She advised awareness of the psychological and social implications of excessive online time, emphasizing the need for balanced internet use to prevent it from adversely affecting daily life.